Weight cutting is undoubtedly one of the biggest problems in mixed martial arts. Professional contests are often canceled, rescheduled, or renegotiated on the basis of a competitor missing the required weight limit. Even worse, however, is the rare occasion when an athlete is hospitalized due to weight cutting complications.
Just last week, Gilbert Burns was removed from his upcoming contest at UFC on FOX 28 because “the UFC medical team determined that it would be unsafe for Burns to cut additional weight necessary to meet the 156-pound limit.” Burns was reportedly 31 lbs above the lightweight division limit. In the same week, the UFC then announced that Burns would be rescheduled to compete on April 24 at UFC on FOX 29 in the exact same weight division.
The consensus opinion seems to be that a fatality will come before major changes are made to the commonly used weigh-in processes in major organizations.
After ONE Championship’s Yang Jian Bing died from weight cutting complications in December 2015, the organization developed and enforced a revolutionary weigh-in process.
So how does it weigh up against the other alternatives?
ONE Championship’s weigh-in process
Dr. Warren Wang, ONE Championship’s Vice President of Medical Services, recently spoke about their efforts to overhaul the traditional weigh-in system for mixed martial arts.
“Theoretically, ONE Championship’s revolutionary weigh-in system discourages athletes from cutting weight by dehydration since athletes have to make weight and pass the hydration exam on three consecutive days.”
Essentially, this process is designed to reduce and potentially eliminate the necessity to dehydrate and then rehydrate just days before the contest. The objective is for ONE Championship athletes to be competing at their natural, walking weight.
While the act of dehydration in promotions such as the UFC or Bellator is not a requirement by any means, it is simply a response to the existing rules and regulations.
Why do fighters cut weight?
The concept of game theory (or Prisoner’s Dilemma) can be used to explain the rational thought processes at play when athletes choose to severely dehydrate themselves before a competition.
There are three potential outcomes regarding weight cutting when entering a contest:
- One fighter cuts excessive weight and the other does not
- Both fighters cut excessive weight
- Neither fighter cuts excessive weight
Can you spot the option that returns the greater benefit overall? It’s the last option, of course.
So why doesn’t this situation occur?
If an athlete decides to not cut weight and compete at their natural weight, they will either be in the same situation as the other fighter (3), or be significantly worse off (1). If the athlete chooses to cut weight, they will either be in the same situation as their opponent (2), or be significantly better off (1).
According to these outcomes, it is in an athlete’s best interest to cut weight.
The risk that an athlete will be in a significantly worse situation compared to their opponent encourages a rational thinker to dehydrate before a competition.
Ben Askren’s experience
Ben Askren, semi-retired former ONE welterweight champion, recently spoke about ONE Championship’s efforts to eliminate weight cutting on the Joe Rogan Experience MMA Show. Askren explained “you can’t cut water weight,” because athletes “do hydration and weigh-in on the scale at the same time.”
He also explained how the organization completed the overhaul by shifting every athlete up one weight class.
“Essentially, everyone moved up one weight class. So, I was the welterweight champion and I was still the welterweight champion, it’s just that the weight class is different.”
“It’s fantastic. On fight week, I would normally start at 183 lbs and cut down to 170 lbs and then hydrate back up. But now, I don’t have to do that rehydration process and I’m the exact same size. It’s a lot safer.”
Unfortunately, it’s difficult to understand the effectiveness of ONE Championship’s weigh-in system because the promotion conducts fighter weigh-ins privately.
At the very least, however, they’ve taken a step in the right direction. What will it take for other MMA organizations to try and discourage excessive and unsafe weight cutting?
